Carbon (High-Tensile) Steel 

Steel has come a long way since it's early use in cycle frames and still is the most commonly used material in bicycle frames. Carbon or high-tensile steel is an excellent choice for good, strong, long-lasting steel.

Chromoly (Chrome Molybdenum) Steel 

Chromoly is a light, strong steel. When it is butted and shaped to take off excess weight, it can deliver a fairly light frame that will last through years of hard use. Chromoly is responsive and offers good flex while maintaining its form. 

Aluminium 

Having come a long way from the oversized tubes of old, aluminium is now less expensive and very widely used on today's bikes. It's light, strong and stiff. With proper design it can give a solid ride for climbing, or lively handling in tight situations. Titanium Lighter than steel but just as strong, this more-expensive metal is found on high-end road or cross-country mountain bikes. It flexes so well while maintaining its shape that some very high-end bikes use the metal itself as a shock absorber. 

Carbon Fiber 

Take a bundle of parallel continuous fibers and bind them together with glue. This creates a ply. Several plies are made up to form a laminate (just like plywood). And the laminate, if designed right, can be very tough. It's also light. So why aren't all bikes made out of carbon fiber? It tends to be brittle. The fact that metal can bend and regain its shape is what makes it last. Because of this, carbon fiber bikes are built even stronger than needed.

Renewable Energy

Renewable energy and power solutions need to harness the natural energy that is abundantly all around us, we need to strive to rather utilise wind, water and solar as our power source and we need better battery storage capacity.